Okay - my increasing frustration is rather evident - I keep posting the law, and Willy/Bodyless keep posting back that I must be wrong because it would be unfair to a company to force them to live within the strictures of this law.
Moreover I feel that exactly what it is that the disagree with keeps changing.
So I would like to know, what exactly is it among my 'axioms' that they believe I am wrong on.
So, I'm asking for people to read the relevant law and saw what they agree or don't agree with - a questionnaire if you will. I will supply links to support each of my assumptions - if you disagree please supply a link to counter my argument. Even if you find it in a legal decision, I would like a link to both the relevant decision and the law it cites.
Do *not* tell me why it doesn't apply in this specific circumstance. I'm trying to establish a baseline for figuring out why we're not communicating.
1) I believe the owner of the CD does not need a license to run the software.
From
U.S. Code Collection, Title 17 - CopyrightsA)
TITLE 17 > CHAPTER 1 > § 101. Definitions Establishes the Definition of "Copies" of an object and and "Copyright Owner"
§ 202. Ownership of copyright as distinct from ownership of material object Establishes the difference between "Copyright Owner" and "Owner of a Copy"
C)
§ 106. Exclusive rights in copyrighted works Establishes the exclusive rights of the copyright owner.
D)
§ 117. Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs Establishes that, for a computer program, the "Owner of Copy" has the rights required to run the program and make backups of it, which is all that is required to use the program in day to day circumstances.
Therefore, so long as the person that buys the program owns the disk, having a separate 'license' is irrelevant, you can use the program in the normal course of events.
If you do not believe that simply being the legal owner of the disk give you the right to install and run the program regardless of accepting a license, please explain why?
2) I believe there are only two ways to classify the EULA that the buyer is forced to accept on the program.
From
Uniform Commercial Code - IndexA) Either it is a modification of the sales contract, and subject to
UCC Article II Provisions for sales contracts.
-or-

It is a separate contract from the sales contract, and subject to
UCC Article I Provisions for general contracts.
Now, there are nine UCC articles, but all contracts, including EULA's, fall under UCC, and the UCC articles other than UCC I, II, and IIa are all quite specialized, so it seems to me this is either a modification to the sales contract or a regular contract.
Do you feel there is a third relevant law that guides this, do you feel it is a modification to the sales contract, or do you feel it is a separate contract?
3) I don't believe the EULA meets the standards of a Contract.
A) If the EULA is a
General Contract, agreed to separately when the software is installed, then it needs to meet the standards established by the UCC and the courts to form a contract. These standards include (among others):
a)
Offer
Acceptancec)
Consideration
a) An offer was extended

Because the buyer had no choice but to acknowledge the EULA in installing the program, and the buyer already had the right to install the program under point 1.), I believe this does not provide acceptance. The company is preventing the use of the program *despite* the fact that the owner is legally allowed to use the program, in effect extorting an 'acceptance' of the EULA.
c) Even given Offer and acceptance, for a contract to be formed, both parties must give to each other something of value, without which you have failed to form a contract, either to take an action they were not legally obliged to take, or to refrain from taking an action they were not legally obliged to refrain from.
The EULA fails to provide the buyer consideration - the action 'taken' was to allow the buyer of the CD to run the program, however if you accept point 1.), then it follows that the buyer *already* had that right.
Therefore no consideration has been exchanged, and no contract has been formed.
If you accept 1.) (The owner of the media has the right to use the software on the media) and point 2B) (that the EULA attempts to form a separate contract) . .
Do you believe acknowledging an EULA in the course of installing software you already had the right to install constitutes "Acceptance"? If so, Why?
Do you believe that receiving the right to run software via a license that you already had the right to run by virtue of owning the media constitutes "Consideration"? If so, Why?
4) I believe the UCC, both article I and II provides a relatively plain distinction between "Consumer" and "Merchant"
A)
§ 1-201. General Definitions (

(11) "Consumer" means an individual who enters into a transaction primarily for personal, family, or household purposes
§ 2-103. Definitions and Index of Definitions (1) (c) "Consumer" means an individual who buys or contracts to buy goods that, at the time of contracting, are intended by the individual to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.
C)
§ 2-104. Definitions: "Merchant"; "Between Merchants"; "Financing Agency". (1) "Merchant" means a person that deals in goods of the kind or otherwise holds itself out by occupation as having knowledge or skill peculiar to the practices or goods involved in the transaction or to which the knowledge or skill may be attributed by the person's employment of an agent or broker or other intermediary that holds itself out by occupation as having the knowledge or skill.
This seems to me to create a very strong distinction between "Consumer" and "Merchant". If you believe there is no legal distinction between "Merchant" and "Consumer", or that this distinction is especially hard to determine by a review of the purpose for which a purchase was intended, please explain why?
Do you believe that the normal purchase of a computer game would qualify as a consumer, and if not, Why?
5) I believe UCC article II provides for protections for consumers to not be bound by modifications to the sales contract such as EULA's.
A)
§ 2-201. Formal Requirements; Statute of Frauds. Establishes the formal requirments for a sales contract - basically that money changed hands and the product was received - the actual sales contract takes place at the cash register of the store.
§ 2-209. Modification, Rescission and Waiver.(1) An agreement modifying a contract within this Article needs no consideration to be binding.
(2) An agreement in a signed record which excludes modification or rescission except by a signed record may not be otherwise modified or rescinded, but except as between merchants such a requirement in a form supplied by the merchant must be separately signed by the other party.
(3) The requirements of Section 2-201 must be satisfied if the contract as modified is within its provisions.
(4) Although an attempt at modification or rescission does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (2) or (3), it may operate as a waiver.
(5) A party that has made a waiver affecting an executory portion of a contract may retract the waiver by reasonable notification received by the other party that strict performance will be required of any term waived, unless the retraction would be unjust in view of a material change of position in reliance on the waiver.
While this paragraph *is* a mouthful, it establises several things.
Most importantly for my purposes is that it establishes in (2) that if one of the parties is a consumer (i.e. Product is 'used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.'), then any modification to a standard sales contract must be presented by the merchant and signed both the merchant and the consumer at the time of sale. Frankly, I think it's fairly unambiguous in the way it says it.
There *are* two other important things to note here - first, in paragraph (1), that consideration is *not* necessary to modify the sales contract, and in paragraph (4), that the consumer protections of (2) do *not* apply to waivers, which I suspect has caused a lot of confusions regarding other sales that *do* obviously have fine print like airline tickets. You *can* waive your liability for lost luggage pretty easily, barring other laws being involved. But waiving liability for a product is not the same as stating that you don't own the CD you just bought.
So, the question here is, if you accept 1) (That you have the right to use the software just because you own the CD), 2A) (That the EULA is an attempt to modify the sales contract) and 4) (It is easy to distinguish "Merchant" and "Consumer", and that buying a game qualifies as "Consumer"), do you accept that an EULA between a Merchant and a Consumer would require a contract to be separately signed and accepted by both parties? If not, Why?
To sum up: These are the five basic questions I think are relevant, and I have provided links to the law I'm using to inform my answer to each of them.
1) The Consumer has the right to use the software when he picks it up at the register.
2) The EULA attempting to modify point 1) is either:
2A) a Modification to the Sales Contract or
2B) a Separate Contract
3) If 2B, then both:
3A) the EULA fails to allow the buyer to not accept it and still exercise his rights, which makes acceptance of the EULA tantamount to extortion.
3B) the EULA fails to provide consideration, causing it to fail to create a contract.
4) If 2A, then the question of whether therthe Buyer was a consumer is relevant, and in the case of buying a game for home use, I believe clear.
5) If the buyer is a consumer, there are specific protections to guard against this type of contract being used in this way for a consumer - whether this is fair to a company is an argument for another day, the law is quite clear as to the minumum requirements.
I've asked these questions, separately, several times, and generally had them ignored in favor of being told I'm being unfair to companies, but if you seriously believe I'm wrong on this, I think you need to prove I'm wrong on one of these five points - otherwise the logic flows on rather inexorably. Please provide links to the law the you feel proves me wrong, by paragraph number, even if it's being referenced by a case.
Thanks - Jonnan